黄河干流头道拐河段凌汛期小流量过程变化及其影响因素研究     

全栋  李超  路新川  史小红  杨朝霞 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):620-628

黄河干流内蒙古段河道冬季流凌封河期， 河道水量除一部分转化为冰量外， 很大一部分转化为槽蓄水量而贮存在河道中， 导致下游头道拐河段出现小流量过程， 上游河道流量转化为槽蓄水量和贮存的冰量越大， 小流量持续时间越长， 开河期发生凌汛洪水风险越高。通过对1998 - 2016年头道拐站凌讯期流量变化过程分析， 重新界定了小流量上限阈值为330 m³·s^-1， 并且以此值为标准进行小流量过程研究， 分别采用R/S极差分析法、 Fourier变换分析法对近年来小流量过程变化特征进行分析； 结合非线性概率Logit模型和Probit模型对小流量过程的影响因素进行讨论。结果表明： 小流量持续天数变化呈现缩短趋势； 同时， 小流量过程与上游相对来水之间变化关系显著且过程同步， 而滞后于河道槽蓄水量变化过程； 通过Logit模型和Probit模型分析各影响因素变化时相应小流量持续时间变化的响应概率大小， 明确河道冰流量是小流量过程第一影响因素， 气温条件是小流量过程的决定因素， 首封位置和相对来水量是小流量过程重要影响因素。  相似文献   

土耳其卡赞天然碱矿溶采对接井工程HSE管理          下载免费PDF全文

涂运中  李保红  隆东  刘海翔  王万  刘一枫  盛春 《探矿工程》2020,47(8):85-93

HSE管理是现代企业走出国门、承揽国际大型项目的必备条件，并且在现代工程管理中具有越来越重要的地位。土耳其卡赞天然碱矿水溶开采对接井工程的实施过程中，在借鉴国内外相关行业经验的基础上，结合项目自身特点，成立了HSE管理机构，加强了人员安全培训和机械设备的升级改造，使之符合当地的行业安全标准。引入了JSA工作安全分析工具，建立了切实可行的HSE管理体系，并强调了现场监督，从而实施了行之有效的HSE管理，为该项目的顺利运行提供了有力的安全保障。  相似文献   

山西下川遗址流水腰地点的细石叶工业     

申艳茹  王益人  杜水生 《第四纪研究》2020,(1):264-274

下川遗址流水腰地点(35°23'13"N,111°58'46"E)位于山西省垣曲县历山镇文堂村东北约1500 m处,海拔1554.9 m,发掘面积为12 m^2,其中上文化层的年代约为17 cal.ka B.P.,石制品共计1182件。石制品原料以燧石为主,脉石英次之,还有一些硅质泥岩、玛瑙等。细石核以船形石核为主,兼有少量的半锥形石核。工具以刮削器、圆头刮削器、楔形析器为主,雕刻器、两端尖状器、两面尖状器很有特色。根据这些出土遗物的特征,该地点上文化层的文化性质为典型的以船形石核为主的细石叶文化,主要来源于下川遗址细石叶文化早期传统,同时受到来自吕梁山区和泥河湾盆地同期文化的影响。流水腰地点的发掘为研究山区旧-新石器时代过渡阶段的文化演变提供了新材料。  相似文献   

胶东焦家断裂带3000 m深部矿化特征及金矿物赋存状态     

孙雨沁  于学峰  单伟  熊玉新  张岩  迟乃杰  舒磊  李敏  程伟 《地球学报》2020,41(6):919-937

胶东是我国黄金的主要产地, 前人已开展大量矿床学研究, 但主要集中在浅部, 其深部的成矿研究仍然薄弱。本文以目前最深的见矿钻孔为研究对象, 在宏观观察描述的基础上, 以电子探针为主要研究方法, 在微观上系统开展深部金矿的矿相学和元素地球化学研究, 为深部金矿成矿特征提供了第一手的基础资料, 研究结果对于深入认识焦家金矿带矿床的成因以及进一步的深部找矿预测都具有重要意义。超深科研钻ZK01井位于莱州吴一村地区, 是目前焦家断裂带最深的见矿钻孔, 也是我国岩金最深见矿孔。深钻蚀变类型主要有钾化、硅化、黄铁矿化、绢英岩化、黄铁绢英岩化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化, 矿石类型为黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩和黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩, 矿体多以脉状、细脉网脉状、细脉浸染状为主。载金矿物主要为黄铁矿, 少数金矿物分布在黄铜矿、石英和钾长石中。焦家带深部矿石金矿物成色较高, 主要为含银自然金, 其次为银金矿, 说明该深钻深部金矿形成于高温、较深的成矿环境; 成矿时代相对较老。Au主要有两种赋存形式: 独立的金矿物和不可见金即晶格金。独立金矿物可分为三种赋存状态, 即包体金、裂隙金和晶隙金。初步认为矿石矿物生成顺序从早到晚依次为: (不含Pb黄铁矿、方铅矿、辉铋矿、金矿物)→(黄铜矿)→(含Pb黄铁矿)→(方铅矿、金矿物)→(重晶石)→(闪锌矿)。深钻成矿热液存在多期活动, 碎裂岩带为含金热液运移提供了通道, 多重成矿阶段的叠加和复合导致金矿物多期次结晶。  相似文献   

东秦岭地区碳酸岩型钼- 铀多金属矿床成矿时代：来自LA- ICP- MS独居石U- Pb和辉钼矿Re- Os年龄的证据     

王佳营  李志丹  张祺  李超  谢瑜  李光耀  曾威  丁宁 《地质学报》2020,94(10):2946-2964

东秦岭地区碳酸岩型钼- 铀多金属矿床主要包括华阳川铀多金属矿、黄龙铺和黄水庵钼矿等。其中，华阳川矿床为近期取得勘查突破的一例以U、Nb、Pb为主并伴生稀土元素的超大型铀多金属矿床；黄龙铺钼矿为东秦岭钼矿带中成矿类型最为独特的大型钼矿床。为了精确获得东秦岭地区碳酸岩型钼- 铀多金属成矿时代，本研究采用辉钼矿Re- Os法和LA- ICP- MS独居石U- Pb法，分别对黄龙铺大石沟矿床的辉钼矿、秦岭沟矿床和华阳川矿床含矿碳酸岩脉中的独居石进行测定。结果表明，黄龙铺地区大石沟钼矿辉钼矿Re- Os等时线年龄为221. 3±8. 4Ma（MSWD=10. 9)；秦岭沟钼矿碳酸岩中独居石LA- ICP- MS Tera- Wasserburg年龄为207±11Ma（MSWD=3. 7, n =38)，华阳川铀多金属矿LA- ICP- MS独居石Tera- Wasserburg年龄为222. 5±6. 7Ma（MSWD=1. 8, n =37)，表明该地区碳酸岩中的钼矿化和铀多金属矿化均形成于晚三叠世。综合分析认为，东秦岭地区发育于碳酸岩中的黄龙铺钼矿田、华阳川铀多金属矿是同一成矿系列的产物，碳酸岩型钼- 铀多金属的成矿金属可能来源于地幔，这类碳酸岩可能是秦岭地区印支期造山后伸展环境下的产物。  相似文献   

华北板块北缘中段二叠纪岩浆岩年代学、地球化学及锆石Hf同位素测试数据集          下载免费PDF全文

王文龙  刘洋  赵利刚  滕飞  杨泽黎 《中国地质》2020,47(S1):32-39

华北板块北缘中段位于华北板块与白乃庙弧的结合处，以赤峰-白云鄂博断裂为界，南、北归属不同的大地构造单元，并且具有不同的基底属性。二叠纪岩浆岩在华北板块北缘广泛分布，断裂带两侧均有出露，源区组成十分复杂，制约着对其岩石成因及构造背景的深刻认识。本文通过对横跨赤峰–白云鄂博断裂的“北柳图庙幅等4幅区调”和“乌兰布拉格幅等2幅区调”2个项目的1∶50 000区调工作，共计6个1∶50 000图幅内的二叠纪岩浆岩的年代学、地球化学及锆石Hf同位素测试数据进行整合、分析，为进一步研究华北板块北缘中段二叠纪岩浆岩的源区及构造-岩浆演化过程提供详实的数据支撑。区内二叠纪侵入岩广泛出露，岩石类型以花岗闪长岩、（石英）闪长岩及二长花岗岩为主，并含有少量的正长花岗岩。二叠纪火山岩主要分布在断裂带以南，岩性包括安山质、英安质及少量流纹质火山岩。锆石U–Pb测年表明工作区内二叠纪岩浆岩的形成时代主要为中–晚二叠世，断裂带南北两侧的岩浆岩具有截然不同的锆石Hf同位素特征，总体而言，南侧相对富集，北侧相对亏损。本数据集包括3个.xls类型文件（Zircon U–Pb dating data.xls，Zircon Hf isotope data.xls，Whole-rock geochemistry data.xls），分别记录了104件样品的地球化学数据、16件样品的锆石U–Pb测年数据和12件样品的锆石Hf同位素数据。本数据集测试样品主要在中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心实验测试中心完成，数据质量可靠。  相似文献   

黄河源地区晚更新世湖泛事件及其意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩建恩  罗鹏  余佳  邵兆刚  孟庆伟  王津  朱大岗 《地质力学学报》2020,26(2):232-243

通过青海玛多湖相地层剖面沉积特征，结合ESR样品年代测试结果，分析认为黄河源地区在13万年左右的晚更新世时期发生过湖泛事件。湖泛时期，玛多"四姐妹湖"相互连通，形成一个面积巨大的湖泊，约是现今"四姐妹湖"总面积的4.1倍。玛多地区此次湖泛事件与深海氧同位素MIS 6（Marine isotope stages 6）向MIS 5（Marine isotope stages 5）转变时期相对应，显示出青藏高原气候变化与全球气候变化密切相关，然而黄河源地区湖相地层对全球气候变化反应更敏感，记录的气候转换时间早于其他地区。玛多剖面湖相地层剖面沉积物的粒度、碳酸盐、磁化率分析表明，在132±10~128±12 ka年间，黄河源地区湖相沉积可分为9个阶段，表明青藏高原在MIS 6向MIS 5转变时期的气候变化是一个波动上升过程。13万年左右，黄河源地区大面积的湖相地层结束沉积，认为由于青藏高原共和运动，下游的多石峡被切开，湖水突然外泄所形成。   相似文献   

Threshold of motion of bivalve and gastropod shells under oscillatory flow in flume experiments     

Cristiano Fick  Eduardo Puhl  Elírio Ernestino Toldo Jr 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):627-648

The threshold of motion of non-fragmented mollusc shells was studied for the first time under oscillatory flow. In this regard, flume experiments were used to investigate the threshold of motion of three bivalve and three gastropod species, two typical mollusc classes of coastal coquina deposits. The sieve diameters ranged from 2·0 to 15·9 mm. These experiments were performed on a flat-bottom setup under regular non-breaking waves (swell) produced by a flap-type wave generator. The critical Shields values for each species of mollusc were plotted against the sieve and nominal diameter. Moreover, the dimensionless Corey shape factor of the shells was evaluated in order to investigate the effect of mollusc shell shapes on the threshold of motion. According to their critical Shields parameter, the mollusc threshold data under oscillatory flow present smaller values than the siliciclastic sediments when considering their sieve diameter. In addition, the mollusc datasets are below the empirical curves built from siliciclastic grain data under current and waves. When considering the nominal diameter, the critical Shields parameter increases and the mollusc data are closer to siliciclastic sediments. Bivalves, which have a flat-concave shape (form factor: 0·27 to 0·37), have a higher critical Shields parameter for smaller particles and more uniform datasets than the gastropod scattered data, which have a rounded shape (form factor: 0·58 to 0·62) and have varied morphologies (ellipsoidal, conical and cubic). The comparison between previous current-driven threshold data of bioclastic sediment motion and the data of mollusc whole shells under oscillatory flow shows a fair correlation on the Shields diagram, in which all datasets are below the mean empirical curves for siliciclastic sediments. These findings indicate that the shape effect on the transport initiation is predominant for smaller shells. The use of the nominal diameter is satisfactory to improve the bioclastic and siliciclastic data correlation.  相似文献   

Effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere from joint inversion in western China and its implications*          下载免费PDF全文

Wen Shi  Shi Chen  Jiancheng Han 《地震科学（英文版）》2020,33(1):1-10

The western China lies in the convergence zone between Eurasian and Indian plates. It is an ideal place to study the lithosphere dynamics and tectonic evolutions on the continental Earth. The lithospheric strength is a key factor in controlling the lithosphere dynamics and deformations. The effective elastic thickness (T_e) of the lithosphere can be used to address the lithospheric strength. Previous researchers only used one of the admittance or coherence methods to investigate the T_e in the western China. Moreover, most of them ignored the internal loads of the lithosphere during the T_e calculation, which can produce large biases in the T_e estimations. To provide more reliable T_e estimations, we used a new joint inversion method that integrated both admittance and coherence techniques to compute the T_e in this study, with the WGM2012 gravity data, the ETOPO1 topographic data, and the Moho depths from the CRUST1.0 model. The internal loads are considered and investigated using the load ratio (F). Our results show that the joint inversion method can yield reliable T_e and F values. Based on the analysis of T_e and F distributions, we suggest (1) the northern Tibetan Plateau could be the front edge of the plate collision of Eurasian and Indian plates; (2) the southern and part of central Tibetan Plateau have a strong lithospheric mantle related to the rigid underthrusting Indian plate; (3) the southeastern Tibetan Plateau may be experiencing the delamination of lithosphere and upwelling of asthenosphere.  相似文献   

On Minerogenetic Series: The Third Discussion     

CHEN Yuchuan  PEI Rongfu  WANG Denghong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(1):1-9

The minerogenetic (or metallogenetic) series of mineral deposits (called minerogenetic series for short) is an academic idea (concept) of studying minerogenetic characteristics in mineral deposit geology. It uses the views of systematology and mobilism to study mineralizing processes and naturally occurring mineral deposit assemblages formed in various stages of geological development in specific tectonic environments. The minerogenetic series is also a natural classification of mineral deposits. There are five hierarchical orders in the classification, with the minerogenetic series as the basic order and the core. The first order includes three categories: minerogenetic series association, minerogenetic series type, and minerogenetic series group. The second is the minerogenetic series, which is decomposed into three orders, i.e. the third, fourth, and fifth orders. The third is the minerogenetic subseries, the fourth is mineral deposit models (types), and the fifth is mineral deposits. Minerogenetic series is comparable to a certain extent metallogenic systems both in the research content and in their own research content. The study of minerogenetic series has both great theoretical significance and practical value for mineral prospecting. However, the study is still in its initial stage and a further study remains to be conducted.  相似文献